{"id":45172,"date":"2025-09-16T12:21:46","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T08:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=45172"},"modified":"2025-09-22T12:27:17","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T08:27:17","slug":"%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%92%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a0-%e1%83%92%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%90%e1%83%96%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%97-%e1%83%93%e1%83%90-%e1%83%a8%e1%83%94%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=45172","title":{"rendered":"\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d7  \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3? (\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; <\/em>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><em><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>(\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u201c \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc! <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10e2 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u201e\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d7\u201c \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1! \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u201e\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 (\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3), \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c\u00a0 (Schon,1983, p.40).<\/p>\n<p>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u201e\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u201c \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u201e\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3 \u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da. The New School) \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 2003-2004 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1: \u201eWe may not be able to answer all your questions, but we\u2019ll teach you how to ask the right questions\u201d &#8211; \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3: &#8220;\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d5\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8&#8221;). \u10e0\u10dd\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0, \u201e\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0, \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u201e\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u201c (Big apple) \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u201e\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u201c \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u201e\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3 \u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da. The New School).<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 1919 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea <u>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1<\/u> \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u201e\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u201c \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd (\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 Charles Beard-\u10d8, \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u00a0 John Dewey, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 James Harvey Robinson-\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 Thorstein Veblen, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, Alvin Johnson-\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1930-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 (\u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e5\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10f0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee \u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8, \u10da\u10d4\u10dd \u10e8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4.\u10ec. \u201e\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201c. \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10dd\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201c (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da. Adult continuing education) \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u201c \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4, \u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1!<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, 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\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 &#8211; \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u201e\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u201c \u10d0\u10dc \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u201c \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 (Columbia University)\u00a0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 (New York University \u2013 NYU), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 The New School \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d3\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> (NYU) = <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>The New School (<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u2013 <\/em><\/strong><em>The New School for Social Research<\/em> <strong><em>\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0, \u10da.\u10d0.<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>) = <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d3\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong> \u2014 <\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> \u2014 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1)<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u00a0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e3-\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1:<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d8 (Tennessee Williams, \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8, \u10de\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1, \u201e\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d5\u10d0\u10d8\u201c \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); \u10ef\u10d4\u10d9 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 (Jack Kerouac, \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u201e\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8); \u10ef\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d3\u10e3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 (James Baldwin, \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc \u10da\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8); \u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (William Styron, \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); \u10ef\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 (Jamaica Kincaid, \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 (Rod Steiger, \u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8); \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2 \u10d2\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 (Robert Glasper, \u10ef\u10d0\u10d6-\u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8, \u10ef\u10d0\u10d6 \u10de\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, Grammy-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8); \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd (Ani DiFranco, \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8-\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, Grammy-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8); \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8 (Sufjan Stevens, \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8-\u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8); \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4 (Harry Belafonte, \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8-\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); \u10e3\u10dd\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3 (Walter Matthau, \u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8); \u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 (Kevin Smith, \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 Sundance-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, Batman-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d8 (Anna Sui, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8), \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (Donna Karan, \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8); \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9 \u10ef\u10d4\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1\u10d8 (Marc Jacobs, \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8), \u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 (Tom Ford, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8), \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 (Narciso Rodriguez, \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d2\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8); \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8 (Jenna Lyons, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, J.Crew-\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8); \u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8(Bradley Cooper, \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10f0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd ( Marlon Brando, \u00a0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8, \u10f0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u201c); \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e2\u10d8 (Eleanor Roosevelt; \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e6\u10da\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u00a0\u10e8\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 (Shimon Peres, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8).<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><em>(\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d0) <a href=\"http:\/\/ctb.ku.edu\/en\/table-of-contents\/analyze\/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions\/define-analyze-problem\/main\">http:\/\/ctb.ku.edu\/en\/table-of-contents\/analyze\/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions\/define-analyze-problem\/main<\/a> \u10d1) Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning, Carl V. Patton and David S. Sawicki \u10d2) Introduction to Policy Analisis and Policy Modelling, Thomas Fellman, Lecture notes and further information: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uni-hohenheim.de\/apo\">www.uni-hohenheim.de\/apo<\/a>, University of Hohenheim, 2008,\u00a0 \u10d3) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Define-a-Problem\">https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Define-a-Problem<\/a>; \u10d4) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/polopoly_fs\/1.440722!\/file\/HowtoWriteaProblemStatement.pdf\">https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/polopoly_fs\/1.440722!\/file\/HowtoWriteaProblemStatement.pdf<\/a> \u10d5) SCHON, D. A. (1983) The Refective Practitioner, New York: Basic Books.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1[1] (\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3? 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