{"id":44883,"date":"2025-08-15T10:09:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T06:09:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=44883"},"modified":"2026-02-12T17:15:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T13:15:54","slug":"%e1%83%99%e1%83%a3%e1%83%9c%e1%83%ab%e1%83%a3%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98-%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1%e1%83%90%e1%83%ae%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=44883","title":{"rendered":"\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d5\u10e3\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8) \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 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\u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4;<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong>, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc; \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0,<\/strong> &#8211; \u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 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data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Picture1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-300x111.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1024x379.png\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-44885\" src=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1024x379.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1024x379.png 1024w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-768x284.png 768w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1536x569.png 1536w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-2048x758.png 2048w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-150x56.png 150w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-600x222.png 600w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-696x258.png 696w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1392x515.png 1392w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1068x395.png 1068w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1920x711.png 1920w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture1-1-1134x420.png 1134w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"44886\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?attachment_id=44886\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"686,507\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Picture2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1-300x222.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1.png\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-44886\" src=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"686\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1.png 686w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1-150x111.png 150w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1-600x443.png 600w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1-568x420.png 568w, https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Picture2-1-80x60.png 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1775<\/strong> \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d8\u10db\u10e8\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0. \u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10db. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 10%-\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u201e\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u201c \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0: \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u201eA\u201c &#8211; \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4, \u201echroma\u201c -\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u201eopsia\u201c &#8211; \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc. \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da-\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4, \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8) \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ef\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e5\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 <strong>\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 &#8211; <\/strong>\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7. \u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 &#8211; \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e0-\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4.\u10d8. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 <strong>CNGB3<\/strong>. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 1775 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 &#8211; \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d0. \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 (<strong>population bottleneck<\/strong>). \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. (\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8). \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8 25%-\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d0, \u10e3\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 1775 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8?<\/li>\n<li>\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7.<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8?<\/li>\n<li>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1?<\/li>\n<li>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biologycorner.com\/2025\/06\/13\/case-study-the-island-of-the-colorblind\/\">https:\/\/www.biologycorner.com\/2025\/06\/13\/case-study-the-island-of-the-colorblind\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nationalgeographic.ge\/story\/mikronezia\/\">https:\/\/nationalgeographic.ge\/story\/mikronezia\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/genetics\/condition\/achromatopsia\/\">https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/genetics\/condition\/achromatopsia\/<\/a><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/resource\/island-colorblind-paradise-has-different-hue\/7th-grade\/\">https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/resource\/island-colorblind-paradise-has-different-hue\/7th-grade\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ka.khanacademy.org\/science\/biology\/her\/heredity-and-genetics\/a\/genetic-drift-founder-bottleneck\">https:\/\/ka.khanacademy.org\/science\/biology\/her\/heredity-and-genetics\/a\/genetic-drift-founder-bottleneck<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d5\u10e3\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8) \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[638],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d5\u10e3\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8) \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 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