{"id":43961,"date":"2025-06-30T09:00:31","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T05:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=43961"},"modified":"2025-06-30T09:10:40","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T05:10:40","slug":"%e1%83%a0%e1%83%90-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%a8%e1%83%95%e1%83%94%e1%83%9c%e1%83%98%e1%83%94%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98-%e1%83%99%e1%83%a3%e1%83%9c%e1%83%ab%e1%83%a3%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98%e1%83%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=43961","title":{"rendered":"\u201e\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0!\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ec\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8 <a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1)<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201e<\/em><em>Ilha Formosa!<\/em><em>\u201c<\/em><em> (\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8) &#8211; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10df\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 &#8211; \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0,\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10ea\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0:<\/strong> \u201e\u10db\u10d4-16 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, <em>\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0<\/em> \u10d3\u10d0 <em>\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1<\/em> \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10ee\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e2\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 (\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8) \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. 1517 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10d4\u10da \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u201eIlha Formosa\u201c \u10e9\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u201e\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u201c \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u201c (Paul Kua, 2020)\u201c. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u201e\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u201c \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9<\/strong><strong>\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da<\/strong><strong> \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1:<\/strong> \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 39-\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 (34,507 \u10d9\u10db\u00b2 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4, \u10da.\u10d0.), \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d7 394 \u10d9\u10db. \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 144 \u10d9\u10db.-\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8. \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 (\u10d9\u10d8\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e9. \u10d2. 23<sup>o<\/sup>5\u2019) \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0: 23.2 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 (2024), \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 83%-\u10d8\u10d0; \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0: 95% \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10f0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10f0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d9\u10d0, \u10f0\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10dd, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 (\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc. \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u201c &#8211; \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8) &#8211; 2%.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 (\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10da.\u10d0.) \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1, \u10f0\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0! XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 22,000 \u10d9\u10db-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8!<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8230;\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1<strong>. <\/strong>1) <em>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8):<\/em> \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1\u00a0\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 TSMC, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u00a0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <u>\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 50%-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1(!)<\/u><u>. \u10d8\u10e1<\/u> \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7. TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) \u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 Apple-\u10d8\u10e1, NVIDIA-\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. 2) <em>\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/em> \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 (\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8); \u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 (\u10db\u10d0\u10d2., \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8), \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10db\u10d0\u10d2., National Taiwan University) \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1. 3) <em>\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: <\/em>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 100-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 376 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 &#8211; \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da. 20,7 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0), \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u00a0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>, 2024 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 (\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 &#8211; \u10db\u10e8\u10de, 782.44 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, <em>nominal GDP estimate<\/em>) \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 25-\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 (1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 $), \u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 $), \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 (1.32 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 $), \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 (0.8-0.9 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 $) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10e1 (\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7) 33-34,000 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10de-\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201e\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8: <\/strong>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 60-80-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10de\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d4.\u10ec. \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10db\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10da.\u10d0.) \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0: \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc (\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8: \u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10f0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0! \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc (\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 50-70%-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 37%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4!) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 1948 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: <em>General Electric, Philips, Hitachi, Toshiba, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0<\/em>) \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1; 1950 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 Ford-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 Caterpillar-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7); 60-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2) \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u201e\u10d1\u10e3\u10db\u10e1\u201c \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: <em>RCA, Sony, Texas Instruments<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8) \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 1945 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 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\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>1945 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0\u10d9) \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u2014 \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>. \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, 1949 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd, \u201e\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u201c \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da. 130-140 \u10d9\u10db-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4 \u10f0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u201e\u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u201c \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 50-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u201c \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10dd \u10eb\u10d4-\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u2014 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0(\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8),\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u201c &#8211; \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8. \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u201e\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1\u201c. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 <u>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db, <\/u>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d2\u10d3\u10dd \u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8: \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 1884-1885 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7-\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0) \u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1885 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d4\u10e2\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d4 (\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4), \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d9. \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 &#8211; \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10da.\u10d0.).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd: Taiwan: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 1987 to 2030: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/727589\/gross-domestic-product-gdp-in-taiwan\/\">https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/727589\/gross-domestic-product-gdp-in-taiwan\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d9\u10e3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u570b\u6c11\u9ee8, \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u201c) \u2014 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10d7-\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 1912 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8-\u10e8\u10d8. \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d3:<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0: \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 (\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10db\u10d8\u10d7). 1920-30-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1; 1937\u20131945 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8; 1945\u20131949 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da. 1.5 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d9. \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n<p><!--a=1--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ec\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8 [1]? (\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1) \u201eIlha Formosa!\u201c (\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8) &#8211; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10df\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 &#8211; \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0,\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10ea\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. 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