{"id":14832,"date":"2017-07-05T09:44:22","date_gmt":"2017-07-05T05:44:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=14832"},"modified":"2017-07-05T09:44:22","modified_gmt":"2017-07-05T05:44:22","slug":"%e1%83%a1%e1%83%9e%e1%83%98%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%9c%e1%83%ab%e1%83%98-%e1%83%93%e1%83%90-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%90%e1%83%a1%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c-%e1%83%93%e1%83%90%e1%83%99%e1%83%90%e1%83%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mastsavlebeli.ge\/?p=14832","title":{"rendered":"\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e3\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10dc \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0-\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1.<\/p>\n

\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1? \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 – \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 Cuprum (\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u2013 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10db \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u10d6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d1\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10db\u10d0 \u201e\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u2013 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10f0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10e7\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 30,5 \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 125 \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10d0 2,57 \u10db\u10db. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 0,03% \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1, \u10db\u10d6\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 11%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u201e\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u201c \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 5 \u10e1\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 750 000 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d8\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d5\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 Cu+2<\/sup> \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 I-1<\/sup> \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8? \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8? \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc? \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d5\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 50 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 100 \u10db\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10da 2\u10d2 CuSO4\u2013<\/sub>\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 5-10 \u10db\u10da \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 KI \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 (20 \u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 80 \u10d2 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8). \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10e4\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>S (2 \u10d2 Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>S \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 100 \u10db\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8), \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 100 \u10db\u10da \u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10e6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 I2 <\/sub>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8(I)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 CuI \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0:<\/p>\n

2Cu2<\/sub>SO4 <\/sub>+ 4 KI = 2Cu +I2 <\/sub>+2K2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db CuI \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 I2 <\/sub>\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3-\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 I–<\/sup> \u10e1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2- \u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 [I(I)2], \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1:<\/p>\n

I2 <\/sub>+ KI \u2013 K[I(I)2<\/sub>]<\/p>\n

\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 Na2 <\/sub>SO3 <\/sub>S \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10df\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n

2Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>S + K[I(I)2<\/sub>] = Na2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>O6 <\/sub>+ 2NaI + KI<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10ea \u10db\u10e3\u10e5 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 (|)-\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 CuI-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc [Cu(SO3<\/sub>S)2]<\/sub>+NaI \u10d1\u10d8(\u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8)\u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2(I)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8<\/p>\n

CuI + 2Na2<\/sub>SO3<\/sub>S \u2013Na3<\/sub>[Cu(SO3<\/sub>S)2<\/sub>]+NaI<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10ed\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1? \u10d4\u10e1 \u201c\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u201c \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u10e8\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 100 \u10db\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1 15 \u10d2 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1 CuSO4\u00b7<\/sub>5H2<\/sub>O \u10d3\u10d0 15 \u10d2 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 5-6 \u10e1\u10db\u2013\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc), \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 5 \u10db\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4, 5-6\u2013\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7. \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1. \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u10ea\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd, \u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd-\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 (\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd) \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 Na2<\/sub>[CuCL4<\/sub>] \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n

CuSO4 <\/sub>+ 4NaCl- Na2<\/sub>[CuCl4<\/sub>] +Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/p>\n

[CuCl4<\/sub>]2- <\/sup>+2e=Cu+4Cl–<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0-\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n

Al + 6H2<\/sub>O -3e = [Al(H2<\/sub>O)6<\/sub>]3+<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 1 \u10da \u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 – \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d0 Na2<\/sub>SiO3<\/sub> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 0,5-0,7 \u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d7 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db (III)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 Cr2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub> \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1 FeCl3<\/sub>, \u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u201c \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd-\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u201e\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d6\u10e6\u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7:<\/p>\n

Cr2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub> + 3Na2<\/sub>SiO3<\/sub> = Cr2<\/sub>(SiO3<\/sub>)3<\/sub> + 3Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/p>\n

2FeCl3 <\/sub>+ 3Na2<\/sub>SiO3<\/sub> = Fe2<\/sub>(SiO3<\/sub>)3<\/sub> + 6NaCl<\/p>\n

\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7-\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 CuSO4<\/sub>, \u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u201e\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u201e\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c:<\/p>\n

CuSO4<\/sub> + Na2<\/sub>SiO3<\/sub> = CuSiO3<\/sub> + Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1851 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10df\u10d4\u10dc \u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d5\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d0.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u10e8\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 1\/3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7: 45 \u10db\u10da \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 450 \u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 Na2<\/sub>SO3<\/sub>S \u00b75H2<\/sub>O. \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (300 \u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 CH4<\/sub>COONa\u00b73H2<\/sub>O 45 \u10db\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4). \u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 1\/3. \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10dd\u10d7 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7. \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 Na2<\/sub>SO3<\/sub>S\u00b75H2<\/sub>O-\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u201e\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 CH3<\/sub>COONa\u00b73H2<\/sub>O \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u201e\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da \u201e\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10dd \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d8: \u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10df\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 (2-3 \u10d2 \u10df\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 100 \u10db\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4) \u10d3\u10d0 10-15%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 (\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8 (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 CuSO4<\/sub>, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 K2<\/sub>Cr2<\/sub>O7<\/sub>, \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8(II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 NiCl2<\/sub>, \u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d8(II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 CoCl2<\/sub> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0.\u10e8.). \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 10-15 \u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 100 \u10d2 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d6\u10d4.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10df\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc 2-3 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8-\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d7\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 4-5 \u10db\u10db\u2013\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 CuSO4<\/sub> \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7: 50-100 \u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1 \u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 4\/5\u2013\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n

\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 1\/3-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3. \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10e6\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc – \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10dd\u10db \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10ec\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10dd\u10d7.<\/p>\n

\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd-\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 – \u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c \u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd, \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e4\u10e5\u10d8. \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u201e\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. S. \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 119 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3. \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. 200 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10ea \u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. 250 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 400 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 445 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10e6\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10ed\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc 3-5 \u10e1\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10ed\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 CuSO4<\/sub> \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n

    \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0-\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10dd\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10df\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0:<\/p>\n

    CuSO4<\/sub> + Zn = ZnSO4<\/sub> + Cu<\/p>\n

    \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0) \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 5-10 \u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n

    3CuSO4<\/sub> +2Al = Al2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub> +3Cu<\/p>\n

    \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d0\u10da-\u10ee\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 I-II \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3:<\/p>\n

    CuSO4<\/sub> + Fe = FeSO4<\/sub> + Cu<\/p>\n

    \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10d0! \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1857 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 [Cu(NH3<\/sub>)4<\/sub>](OH)2<\/sub> \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10ed\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0, \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0 \u201e\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u201c \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d0. 1-2\u2013\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 (54 \u10db\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 1 \u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4) \u2013 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 3\/4.<\/p>\n

    \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 150-200 \u10db\u10da \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 (10-15 \u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 100 \u10db\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4) \u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)\u10d8\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 Cu(OH) \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d7 15%-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7. \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 – \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 [Cu(NH3<\/sub>)4<\/sub>](OH)2<\/sub><\/p>\n

    CuSO4<\/sub> +2NaOH = Cu(OH)2<\/sub>| + Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/p>\n

    Cu(OH)2 <\/sub>+ 4NH3<\/sub> = [Cu(NH3<\/sub>)4<\/sub>](OH)2<\/sub><\/p>\n

    \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7 \u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. 500 \u10db\u10da\u2013\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7 100 \u10db\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 25-50 \u10db\u10da-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u201e\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10df\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc-\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d0\u10d0.<\/p>\n

    \u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7:<\/p>\n

    [Cu(NH3<\/sub>)4<\/sub>](OH)2<\/sub> + 3H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> = CuSO4<\/sub> + 2(NH4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n

    \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8. \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb-\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u201e\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c, \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10db\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10df\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10df\u10d0\u10dc\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10d4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0: \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc 5 \u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 (\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0), 10 \u10d2 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0(II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 2 \u10d2 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e2(II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d9\u10d4\u10de\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 3\/4\u2013\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 800-900 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10da\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10da\u10e3\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10dd-\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u201e\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u201c. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc 2 \u10d2 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb (II)-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1.<\/p>\n

    \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u201e\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u201c \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10df\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1) \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e3\u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10ea\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10dd-\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10da\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/heavy-metal-good-for-you-copper#overview1<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. https:\/\/www.copper.org\/consumers\/health\/cu_health_uk.html<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/copper-applications-234011<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. https:\/\/melscience.com\/en\/experiments\/ghost-copper\/<\/a><\/li>\n
    5. https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/learn-chemistry\/resource\/res00000839\/turning-copper-coins-into-silver-and-gold<\/a><\/li>\n
    6. https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/learn-chemistry\/resource\/res00000972\/dissolving-copper-in-nitric-acid#!cmpid=CMP00007919<\/a><\/li>\n
    7. https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/learn-chemistry\/resource\/res00000542\/the-determination-of-copper-in-brass<\/a><\/li>\n
    8. https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/learn-chemistry\/resource\/res00000542\/the-determination-of-copper-in-brass\\<\/a><\/li>\n
    9. https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/learn-chemistry\/resource\/res00000408\/the-properties-of-a-copper-envelope?cmpid=CMP00005939<\/a><\/li>\n
    10. https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B_wZY6F7HzuZcnNFY1dZRUEtSWs\/view<\/a><\/li>\n
    11. https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/learn-chemistry\/resource\/res00000542\/the-determination-of-copper-in-brass<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Experiments with copper. https:\/\/www.pianetachimica.it\/olimpiadi\/47icho\/47_icho_Soluzione_Problema_09.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
      2. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 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